5.5 C
New York
Monday, November 25, 2024

10 Greatest Coworking Areas in Hanoi


Here’s a listing of the ten greatest coworking areas in Hanoi. Vietnam’s capital metropolis is a hub for distant working and has loads of wonderful amenities and facilities for digital nomads to make the most of and luxuriate in.

I traveled extensively round Vietnam and beloved my time in Hanoi. It’s one of many prime cities on the planet for worldwide vacationers and has an electrical pulse and a cultural attract not like anyplace else I’ve visited.

SEE ALSO: Vietnam Journey Information

Greatest Coworking Areas in Hanoi

City view of Hanoi featuring river and skyscrapersCity view of Hanoi featuring river and skyscrapers

After spending a month dwelling within the metropolis I bought to know among the greatest working areas in Hanoi. As a digital nomad, I’m at all times looking out for brand spanking new and handy locations to base myself for a day’s work. I discover working in new environments motivating and provoking; fortunately there’s no scarcity of nice choices obtainable in Hanoi.

Whether or not you’re searching for free coworking areas in Hanoi or a devoted personal workplace to base your self in for a month or extra, I’ve bought you lined on this listing.

1. COGO

image of a shared office space with multiple desks, office chairs. Laptops and paperwork on desks image of a shared office space with multiple desks, office chairs. Laptops and paperwork on desks

Probably the greatest coworking areas in Hanoi is COGO Coworking. I opted to work right here quite a few instances throughout my keep and at all times loved myself and located it straightforward to be productive. Digital nomads will pay an inexpensive day price with no long-term subscription required.

It’s one of many few Hanoi coworking areas that’s open 24/7, which is good for those who’ve simply arrived and are affected by jet lag like I used to be the primary time! There’s even a handy nap room and free espresso to assist get you thru any vitality lulls.

The house is open-plan with trendy furnishings and comfy lighting. It has the texture of knowledgeable workplace surroundings and comes with all of the fixtures of a contemporary workspace.

Tackle: 1 P. Thai Ha, Trung Liet, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam

Membership Choices and Prices

A day go prices simply $4 and secures you a desk for the day with full entry to the ability. Month-to-month packages begin at $80/month for hot-desking and go as much as $133/month for a non-public workplace house.

Facilities at COGO

  • 24/7 Entry: Even each day sizzling desk packages permit a real day’s entry to the ability.
  • Free Drinks: Tea, espresso, and purified water can be found to COGO customers.
  • Excessive-Velocity WiFi: Sturdy and dependable WiFi – appropriate for downloading paperwork, internet hosting worldwide on-line conferences, and every little thing in between.

Execs of COGO

  • Limitless Timeframe: An incredible bonus for distant staff who function on completely different world time zones.
  • Value-Efficient: Very aggressive charges and free drinks make it an inexpensive each day or month-to-month choice.
  • Added Options: Social occasions, a pleasant bar, and even a nap room are extra perks, unusual to most Hanoi coworking areas.

Cons of COGO

  • Additional Prices: Printing and assembly rooms can be found at an added price.
  • Dimension: COGO isn’t the most important coworking house in Hanoi and might refill and really feel busy rapidly.
  • Restricted Meals Choices: No cafe onsite means heading out for meals or bringing your personal.

2. House

networking event, group of people gathered around a table with hands in centre, brainstormingnetworking event, group of people gathered around a table with hands in centre, brainstorming

In the event you’re going to be coworking in Hanoi for no less than a month, eSpace Coworking is a superb choice.

It’s a contemporary and wonderful facility with nice offers on month-long sizzling desking. The brilliant and comfy house has many seating and desk choices from large and open desks to cozy and comfy nooks.

Moreover, you’ll get the good thing about the common networking occasions and on-site seminars held at eSpace. There’s additionally entry to a pantry with free tea and occasional and the occasional collection of muffins and candy treats.

Tackle: 1 P. Dinh Le, Trang Tien, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam

Membership Choices and Prices

24/7 entry is out there from $80/month, or you’ll be able to pay an additional $30 and get a devoted desk. A non-public workplace begins at $440/month and would higher go well with anybody planning to work or run a enterprise from Hanoi on a long-term foundation.

Facilities at eSpace

  • Premium Enterprise Tackle: Get an official {and professional} enterprise tackle in Hanoi.
  • 24/7 Entry: Excellent for crisscrossing time zones, early birds, and people who wish to burn the midnight oil.
  • Included Advantages: Entry to assembly rooms, printing amenities, and tech assist can be found to all customers.

Execs of eSpace

  • No Time Limits: Work to your schedule with 24/7 entry.
  • Freebies: Free tea and occasional, entry to a pantry, and printing credit all assist save on expenditure.
  • Nice Location: eSpace Coworking is ideally situated for all of Hanoi’s sights and has nice eating places and cafes shut by.

Cons of eSpace

  • Opening Occasions: Regardless of promoting 24/7 entry eSpace is formally open 8 am – 8 pm Monday by means of Saturday. Clarification on that is unclear however might imply restrictive entry for these with out devoted workplaces and sizzling desks.
  • Shakey WiFi: It was by no means my expertise, however there are some experiences of sluggish and inconsistent WiFi at instances.
  • Noise: As a well-liked coworking location, it may change into pretty noisy throughout busy spells.

3. HanoiHub

person typing on laptop on clear desk with phone and pen to the side person typing on laptop on clear desk with phone and pen to the side

A easy and no-fuss coworking house in Hanoi is HanoiHub. This well-designed and centrally situated hub has all you want for a day’s work and gives customized packages relying in your circumstances.

I solely wanted a desk for a couple of hours throughout my go to right here and it price lower than a cup of espresso. It was very quiet through the afternoon and I used to be capable of join and get cracking inside a minute of arriving.

HanoiHub has a extra private really feel to it than among the different coworking areas in Hanoi I’ve tried out. The simplicity and ease of entry make it a terrific choice for digital nomads in search of a brief base.

Tackle: 112 Lane 260 P. Đội Cấn, Liễu Giai, Ba Dinh, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam

Membership Choices and Prices

Bespoke plans can be found to fit your particular person distant working wants. I paid $2.50 for a day go however might have paid as little as $1 for two hours entry to a desk. Contact HanoiHub instantly to debate costs.

Facilities at HanoiHub

  • Workplace Setting: Snug seating, spacious desks, and vivid lighting make for a conducive working house.
  • Assembly Rooms: A sizeable assembly room able to internet hosting as much as 12 individuals comfortably is out there onsite.
  • Wonderful WiFi: HanoiHub gives tremendous fast and easy-to-connect WiFi.

Execs of HanoiHub

  • Bespoke Offers: Contact HanoiHub instantly to debate particular person costs particular to your working necessities.
  • Inexpensive: Costs from $1 make HanoiHub one of the inexpensive coworking areas in Hanoi.
  • Freebies and Reductions: Free tea, espresso, and parking, plus reductions on bottled water and meals objects are additionally obtainable to HanoiHub customers.

Cons of HanoiHub

  • Dimension: It’s not an enormous house and might really feel crowded throughout busy spells.
  • Restricted Amenities: Though a terrific choice for hot-desking, distant staff searching for extra facilities will seemingly discover HanoiHub fairly limiting.
  • No Devoted Desks: Seating is simply obtainable on a first-come first-serve foundation.

4. Tranquil Books & Espresso

laptop library remote working, laptop on desk with pile of books stacked up behind screenlaptop library remote working, laptop on desk with pile of books stacked up behind screen

The most effective locations to cowork in Hanoi are present in among the metropolis’s superior laptop-friendly cafes. If good espresso, a pleasant ambiance, and dependable free WiFi are all you require for a stable day’s work, then a go to to Tranquil Books & Espresso ought to be excessive in your listing.

Wherever that mixes espresso with the possibility to get my palms on some new books is a winner for me! I found Tranquil Books & Espresso throughout my first day in Hanoi and made a number of return journeys with my laptop computer.

It’s a well-liked cafe and the slight really feel of a college library has a relaxing impact on the clientele. It’s a pleasant location to spend a couple of hours working away with nice espresso choices.

Tackle: 5 P. Nguyễn Quang Bích, Cửa Đông, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam

Membership Choices and Prices

As this can be a cafe, there aren’t any membership choices. The facilities are free to all patrons, a good cup of espresso prices round $1.60, and meals choices are $2-$3.

Facilities at Tranquil Books & Espresso

  • WiFi: Free WiFi is out there to all prospects.
  • Snug Seating: Ample seating is out there to work from and there are many energy provides for those who’re rocking an historic laptop computer (like I’m).
  • Meals and Drink: A menu of nationwide and worldwide meals and drinks is out there to order as required.

Execs of Tranquil Books & Espresso

  • It’s Free: Apart from being a great buyer and shopping for a espresso or two, use of the workspace and WiFi are free.
  • Snug Setting: The relaxed ambiance and gentle vibrance permit for a snug working surroundings.
  • Caffeine Boosts: Direct entry to the baristas means wonderful espresso is out there on faucet. There’s the additional advantage of selection in espresso selections right here too.

Cons of Tranquil Books & Espresso

  • Lacks Workplace Facilities: Because it’s a restaurant, it lacks the extra options that include a conventional coworking house.
  • No Assured Spots: It’s open season relating to seating, in order that very best spot with the plug by the window might not be free if you want it.
  • Noise: This can be a public house with plenty of foot site visitors. Persons are not required to be quiet or respect the truth that others could also be attempting to work.

5. UPGen Kim Ma

office space with comfortable couch style seating and a TV screen mounted on the wall. Two individual desks in background of imageoffice space with comfortable couch style seating and a TV screen mounted on the wall. Two individual desks in background of image

With 16 areas throughout Vietnam, 7 of that are in Hanoi alone, UPGen is maybe the preferred coworking house in Hanoi. I visited the department at Kim Ma and it was an impressive facility.

It’s nestled inside the bustling financial and political hub of Hanoi and is surrounded by a lot of premier workplace complexes. Being such an vital place of work means it’s simply linked to all of Hanoi’s key city hubs through accessible transportation networks.

That includes a chic, upscale aesthetic with wonderful assembly areas, and suave personal workplaces, UPGen gives a high-grade workspace resolution that may be tailor-made to distant staff and companies in search of a elegant end to their working surroundings.

Tackle: VIT Constructing, 519 P. Kim Ma, Ngoc Khanh, Ba Dinh, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam

Membership Choices and Prices

UPGen areas require a dedication of no less than a month and costs can differ barely from location to location. Costs are additionally quoted relying on particular person enterprise necessities. UPGen Kim Ma has packages for warm desking beginning at $120/month.

Facilities at UPGen Kim Ma

  • 24/7 Entry: Work by yourself schedule in a secure and safe facility.
  • Absolutely Geared up: All the things you could possibly want from printers to stationery is available onsite.
  • Mail Dealing with: A full package deal and mail dealing with service is supplied to all month-to-month customers.

Execs of UPGen Kim Ma

  • Skilled Setting: UPGen tailors itself towards companies with customer-facing interactions and has a really skilled edge.
  • Assembly Rooms: Multifunctional occasion areas and assembly rooms for as much as 10 persons are on the disposal of UPGen customers.
  • Pantry: Entry to a well-stocked pantry and kitchen house, plus free tea, espresso, and purified water are all included.

Cons of UPGen Kim Ma

  • No Printing: There’s an additional cost for any printing necessities.
  • Parking Isn’t Included: There’s ample house to park however this isn’t included as normal.
  • No Day Passes: A few of the UPGen areas apparently provide day-to-day passes however none that I’ve come throughout.

6. Home

playing an acoustic guitarplaying an acoustic guitar

From one of many extra company choices on this listing to one of the distinctive coworking areas in Hanoi. iHouse is a way more relaxed, back-to-nature, and free-spirited coworking house. It’s a super choice for individuals who really feel extra energized away from a real workplace surroundings.

Whereas it nonetheless maintains all of the amenities required to finish a stable shift, iHouse is a one-of-a-kind coworking house. Don’t be shocked to see somebody head off for a nap within the hammocks (and even at their desk…). Maybe there can be somebody choosing softly on a guitar – you’ll be able to anticipate the sudden right here!

Don’t get me improper, iHouse continues to be a administrative center. Many ex-pats and digital nomads come right here to take pleasure in a extra serene coworking expertise.

Tackle: 131 P. Yen Hoa, Yen Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam

Membership Choices and Prices

I paid $4 for the day however there aren’t any formally marketed day charges. The month-to-month membership prices beneath $60 which is about as low cost as you’ll discover for month-to-month utilization in Hanoi.

Facilities at iHouse

  • Nice WiFi: The ambiance could also be sluggish and relaxed however the WiFi definitely isn’t.
  • Alternative of Seating: From comfortable hammocks to trendy workplace furnishings, select your very best spot and get working.
  • Cafe: An inexpensive and well-run cafe is out there onsite.

Execs of iHouse

  • Enjoyable Extras: Hammocks, an acoustic guitar, a dart board, and a punch bag are all quirky extras at iHouse.
  • Al Fresco Working: The choice to work exterior is good for individuals who don’t like being caught in an workplace surroundings.
  • Inexpensive: Safe your whole month right here for beneath $60, a terrific deal for a coworking house in Hanoi.

Cons of iHouse

  • Lacks Skilled Edge: Deliberately designed to be much less company, this selection isn’t very best for customer-facing companies.
  • No Freebies: No drinks or entry to a pantry are included, however there’s an inexpensive cafe on-site.
  • Not Central: iHouse is situated round an hour by public transport and 30 – 40 minutes by automotive/taxi from the Outdated Quarter of Hanoi.

7. Toong

laptop and coffee on desk, latte art in cuplaptop and coffee on desk, latte art in cup

I heard lots about Toong however sadly by no means bought to go to myself. It’s fairly well-known and is a considerably well-known coworking house in Hanoi – in truth, there are 6 trendy and complicated coworking Toong areas throughout the town.

Filled with all of the facilities any distant employee, start-up, or worldwide enterprise individual may need, Toong is a superb choice for these sticking round Hanoi for some time. All of the branches have a high-end attraction and fashionable end.

Each day hot-desking is feasible however you have to get in contact forward of time to safe a spot. For this reason I by no means bought to spend a day working from a Toong location.

Tackle: Toong has 6 areas throughout Hanoi – Click on right here for extra particulars

Membership Choices and Prices

Toong requires you to get in contact with them instantly to debate your necessities and the following costs. The marketed charges for many areas begin at lower than $80/month for hot-desking. Assembly rooms price additional however will be booked for as little as $16.

Facilities at Toong

  • Full Workplace: An all-encompassing one-stop store for all of your distant work and enterprise wants.
  • Free Locker: Safe your belongings and maintain issues onsite in a single day.
  • Library: Get your palms on some Western literature with a free library at most Toong areas.

Execs of Toong

  • Skilled Set-Up: As coworking areas go, Toong has a fame for being one of the skilled in Hanoi.
  • Free Espresso: By no means pay for espresso once more, Toong gives all customers free tea and occasional all day on daily basis.
  • Handy: 24/7 entry means hectic schedules are simpler to handle. The free locker is a bonus for these with precious tech and equipment they don’t need to carry to and from the workplace on daily basis.

Cons of Toong

  • No Free Parking: The vast majority of the Toong areas don’t provide free parking.
  • Premium Add-ons: Assembly rooms, occasion areas, and printing amenities aren’t included as normal.
  • No Apparent Day Fee: Toong requires you to get in contact forward of time to prepare and focus on a day price. I’ve heard of individuals simply turning up and paying for the day however this was not my expertise.

8. MindX

meeting room office space, multiple attendees sat with laptops and coffee. Mobile phones and small indoor plants on a shared deskmeeting room office space, multiple attendees sat with laptops and coffee. Mobile phones and small indoor plants on a shared desk

Identified greatest as a middle and faculty of expertise, MindX additionally gives a really handy and inexpensive coworking house in Hanoi. The open-plan working space is complimented by a sizeable assembly room and an occasion house that may be employed individually.

The relaxed vibe and vivid trendy decor give the coworking space the texture of a contemporary scholar examine corridor. A small however environment friendly cafe retains the espresso and snacks flowing whereas a snug couch and an out of doors backyard house provide a pleasant launch from work pressures.

The employees are pleasant and at all times useful at MindX, and particularly educated in case you have any technical issues. I loved spending a day right here, it was a snug place to work and had every little thing I wanted.

Tackle: 22C P. Thanh Cong, Thanh Cong, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam

Membership Choices and Prices

There’s a spread of choices relying on your enterprise wants. Day passes are $5 however People will pay as little as $35/month for hot-desking or have a devoted desk for beneath $60/month. Versatile workplace house for as much as 6 individuals is out there from $130/month.

Facilities at MindX

  • Full Workplace Amenities: There’s printing, scanning, and copying onsite, plus wonderful WiFi and comfy workplace furnishings.
  • Private Locker: All month-to-month customers have entry to a safe locker for leaving belongings and work equipment.
  • Assembly Room: A selection of areas are on provide which might be good for conferences, group periods, or for those who simply must unfold out.

Execs of MindX

  • All-Inclusive: A quota of printing credit and assembly room hours are included with all month-to-month memberships.
  • Freebies: Tea, espresso, and entry to a pantry come as normal for all MindX customers.
  • Handy and Low-cost: MindX is without doubt one of the best coworking areas to make use of and probably the most inexpensive in Hanoi.

Cons of MindX

  • Not 24/7: Entry is restricted to eight.30 am – 8.30 pm Monday – Saturday.
  • Dimension: The coworking house just isn’t the most important and can really feel crowded throughout busy instances.
  • Location: MindX is in an previous constructing surrounded by busy roads and is an efficient hop from the principle sights of Hanoi.

9. TimeSpace

open-planned office space example, multiple desks and seating areas with potted indoor plants open-planned office space example, multiple desks and seating areas with potted indoor plants

Nestled in Hanoi’s bustling enterprise hub, Time House gives a premium coworking surroundings that may be tailor-made to numerous wants. With over 200 seats and quite a lot of comfy working areas, it caters to startups and freelancers in search of versatility and luxury.

A preferred spot, Time House is taken into account by many as the very best coworking spot in Hanoi but in addition occurs to be one of the inexpensive round. Past its versatile each day hot-desking choices, fastened areas can be found for anybody in search of customization and a longer-term work surroundings.

Geared up with an abundance of amenities, together with assembly rooms, chill-out areas, and leisure zones, Time House has every little thing a distant employee may need for a day’s work and is a superb coworking choice in Hanoi.

Tackle: 62 Nguyen Huy Tuong, Thanh Xuan Trung, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam

Membership Choices and Prices

Each day passes can be found for simply $3, whereas month-to-month entry for hot-desk customers could be very inexpensive at $60. A variety of everlasting workplace choices can be found however costs have to be mentioned instantly with Time House.

Facilities at Time House

  • WiFi: Excessive-speed web entry facilitates seamless connectivity for members.
  • Assembly Rooms: Effectively-equipped assembly rooms present knowledgeable and personal setting for video calls, group discussions, and shows.
  • Chill-Out Areas: Snug relaxation areas provide members an area to loosen up, recharge, and work together with fellow coworkers throughout breaks.

Execs of Time House

  • Versatility: Versatile workspace choices cater to numerous wants, permitting even day customers to decide on the setup that most accurately fits their working model.
  • Group: The colourful neighborhood fosters networking alternatives, collaboration, and information sharing amongst members.
  • Inexpensive: Aggressive pricing makes Time House a sexy selection for freelancers in search of a cost-effective work surroundings.

Cons of Time House

  • Noise: As a well-liked coworking house, potential noise ranges in shared areas might affect focus for members in search of a serene working surroundings.
  • Crowded: Moreover, occasional overcrowding throughout peak hours can lead to restricted entry to facilities and decreased workspace flexibility.
  • Parking: Restricted parking choices will be an inconvenience for any commuters, particularly throughout peak hours.

10. Highlands Espresso – Ocean Park

An incredible and free coworking house in Hanoi, overlooking the gorgeous white sands and blue water of Ocean Park.

I at all times wish to throw in a wildcard and Highlands Espresso at Ocean Park definitely meets that description. I stayed exterior of central Hanoi for many of my time within the metropolis at a contemporary improvement constructed round a man-made lake and a fantastic white sandy seashore often called Ocean Park.

It felt a world away from the busy and sometimes chaotic metropolis streets of Hanoi. The tranquil neighborhood is stuffed with superb cafes, eating places, an enormous mega mall, and even a few Westernized beer and dwell music bars. It has a seashore vibe you received’t discover anyplace else in Hanoi.

Highlands Espresso, located overlooking the peaceable turquoise lagoon is one in all my favourite coworking areas close to Hanoi.

Membership Choices and Prices

Highlands Espresso is the largest chain of espresso retailers in Vietnam. They’re fashionable areas for the tasty however inexpensive espresso and snacks, free WiFi, and comfy setting. There’s no membership for digital nomads to sit down down and work, merely the worth of a cup of espresso, often round $1.50.

Facilities at Highlands Espresso – Ocean Park

  • Good WiFi: Free WiFi is out there to all Highlands prospects.
  • Ample Seating: The situation at Ocean Park is ready over a number of flooring and has ample outside seating too. Energy sockets are additionally available.
  • Drinks on Faucet: It’s a restaurant so distant staff can fill their boots with a wonderful vary of espresso, tea, juice, and smoothie choices.

Execs of Highlands Espresso – Ocean Park

  • Wonderful Views: Distinctive lake and seashore views that may’t be matched anyplace else in Hanoi.
  • Peaceable Setting: The beach-like setting makes for a peaceable and calming surroundings to work from.
  • Low Value: Sit all day for the worth of a cup of espresso or two. Free WiFi is at all times obtainable and the cafe is welcoming of anybody making the espresso home dwelling for the day.

Cons of Highlands Espresso – Ocean Park

  • Not an Workplace: It’s a well-liked cafe and so it lacks the normal workplace surroundings and amenities of a real coworking house.
  • No Reservations: Seats are on a first-come first-serve foundation. It’s not doable to order tables except you’re visiting with a sizeable group.
  • Pubic WiFi: Each hour, or for those who depart a tool alone for too lengthy, the general public WiFi will disconnect and also you’ll need to log in once more, which could be a little tedious.

Greatest Coworking Areas in Hanoi: FAQs

Listed below are some solutions to probably the most generally requested questions on the very best coworking areas in Hanoi.

What’s coworking?

Coworking is a shared workspace the place freelancers, digital nomads, and people from completely different firms work alongside one another. It fosters collaboration, neighborhood, and adaptability.

Are there free coworking areas in Hanoi?

Most of Hanoi’s coworking areas cost a each day price, but it surely’s usually very affordable and as little as a couple of {dollars} a day. Nevertheless, there are free coworking areas in Hanoi, akin to cafes with WiFi and conducive environments for working. These areas provide flexibility with out the necessity for memberships or each day charges.

What’s the very best coworking house in Hanoi?

Selecting the very best coworking house in Hanoi is subjective to particular person wants however I like eSpace. The 24/7 entry, comfy working surroundings, and tremendous fast WiFi make it the very best coworking house in Hanoi for me.

How a lot does a coworking house price in Hanoi?

Coworking house costs in Hanoi differ relying on elements like location, facilities, and membership plans. Costs usually vary from as little as $35 to $300+ monthly relying in your particular person necessities. Each day hot-desking will be discovered for beneath $3 a day.

What’s the most affordable coworking house in Hanoi?

The most cost effective coworking choice in Hanoi that I’ve come throughout is HanoiHub. A day go can price as little as $2.50 whereas paying by the hour prices round $1.

What’s the preferred coworking house in Hanoi?

Toong arguably gives the preferred coworking areas in Hanoi. They’re recognized for at all times having a classy design and vibrant neighborhood. Many freelancers and small companies use Toong areas in Hanoi as a versatile or semi-permanent working resolution.

In Closing

Hanoi is an excellent metropolis and a terrific place to think about as a digital nomad or freelance employee. The superb amenities, vibrant distant employee neighborhood, and social scene make it a wonderful vacation spot to base your self for a spell.

The affordability issue and abundance of nice coworking areas in Hanoi additionally imply you’ll be able to take pleasure in each day flexibility in your work life and luxuriate in discovering completely different components of the town when the working day is finished. I beloved my time in Hanoi and might’t wait to return.

I’ve explored and labored remotely all throughout Vietnam, so for those who’re planning to maneuver round make sure to learn my different articles akin to The ten Greatest Locations in Vietnam for Digital Nomads.

Related Articles

LEAVE A REPLY

Please enter your comment!
Please enter your name here

Stay Connected

0FansLike
0FollowersFollow
0SubscribersSubscribe
- Advertisement -spot_img

Latest Articles